Ion beams have many uses in electronics manufacturing principally ion implantation and other industries. Ibm can be classified into two main categories, that is, largearea ion beam machining libm technology and focused ion beam. Pdf production of customized hip stem prostheses a comparison. Mar 11, 2016 in electric discharge machining process an arc is produced when two currentcarrying wires are shortcircuited. The research situation of the previous various electron beam machining methods and applications was discussed, and the various. Anova is used to analyze the effect of input process parameters on the machining characteristics.
Electric discharge wire cutting electron beam machining. An ion beam is a type of charged particle beam consisting of ions. The values of process parameters are determined to yield the desired product quality and also to maximize the process performances. Machining in a production environment commonly relies on trying maximizing material removal rates mrr. Pdf the effect of machining parameters on tool electrode. Electronbeam machining ebm is a process where highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the work piece, creating heat.
Ion beams have many uses in electronics manufacturing and other industries. Mechanical engineering assignment help, electron beam weldingebw effect of process parameters, effect of process parameters high voltage gives high velocities in the electron beams. In this article we will discuss about the meaning and characteristics of electron beam machining ebm in industries. In a vacuum chamber, a beam of highvelocity electrons is focused on a workpiece. The effect of machining parameters on tool electrode edge wear and machining performance in electric discharge machining edm. Electronbeam processing or electron irradiation ebi is a process that involves using electrons, usually of high energy, to treat an object for a variety of purposes. The highly concentrated energized electron beam instantly vaporizes the material at the point of. Electron beam weldingebw effect of process parameters.
Parametric analysis of cutting parameters for laser beam. Electron beam drilling is an innovative machining process, which drills many small holes in resistant material. The kinetic energy of the electrons, upon striking the workpiece, changes to. A pulsating stream of highspeed electrons produced by a generator is focused by electrostatic and electromagnetic fields to concentrate energy on a very small area of work. Electron beam machining ebm advantages and disadvantages. Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the. Otherwise the electrons would interact with the air molecules, thus they would loose their energy and cutting ability. In ibm a stream of charged atoms ions of an inert gas, such as argon, is accelerated in a vacuum by high energies and directed toward a solid workpiece. Electric discharge wire cutting electron beam machining laser.
As the beam strikes the surface of the work material. This will generate high heat energy and melts and vaporize metal from work piece. The electron gun produces such high energy focused beam which is made to invade the workpiece with a spot size of 10200 m. The systemic models for the electronsmaterial interaction allow establishing the main parameters for each application accelerating voltage, focus current, processing speed etc. Monte carlo simulation provides the energy deposition of a point beam.
Electron beam welding process applications and equipment. Laser beam is focussed for melting and vaporizing the unwanted material from the parent material. The most common ion beams are of singlycharged ions. It is similar to the electron beam welding machine. When this high velocity electron strikes the workpiece, it melts and vaporizes the material from the workpiece. Welcome to the course on electron beam machining process.
Essentially, the electron beam machining is based on the effects generated in the workpiece surface layers as a consequence of the penetration in this layer of electrons included in. The influence of the input parameter in case of electron. Ion beam machining is an important nonconventional manufacturing technology used in micronanofabrication, using a stream of accelerated ions to remove the atoms on the surface of the object. Generally speaking, these processes include laser drilling, laser cutting, and laser grooving, marking or scribing. Thermal metal removal processes, electric discharge machining edm, spark erosion, mechanism of metal removal, spark erosion generator, electrod feed control, vibrating electrode system, dielectric fluid, flushing, accuracy, plasma arc machining pam, non thermal generation of plasma, mechanisms and parameters, equipments, electron beam machining ebm,generation and control of electron. Thus the work piece to be machined is located under the electron beam and is kept under vacuum. Electron beam machining is a thermal process used for the metal removal during the machining process. In an electron beam machining, the electrons strike the workpiece with a high velocity. A variety of ion beam sources exists, some derived from the mercury vapor thrusters developed by nasa in the 1960s. Apr, 2020 electron beam and laser beam module 9 non conventional machining lesson 40 electrical engineering ee notes edurev is made by best teachers of electrical engineering ee. Unconventional machining lecture 7 electron beam machining. Advanced manufacturing processes amps electron beam. During ebm process very high velocities can be obtained by using enough voltage of 1,50,000 v can produce velocity of 228,478 kmsec and it is focused on 10 200.
Ravindranath tagore ellenki college of engineering and technology, telangana, india. Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining process. Ion beams machining ibm is an important nonconventional manufacturing technology hellborg et al. In the electrical beam machining, electrical energy is used to generate the electrons with high energy.
Laser cutting parameters the process of laser cutting involved many parameters, which can be generally divided into two main categoriesbeam parameters and process parameters 3,5,6. The applications of the electron beam machining technology. By systematic variation of process parameters, the ability of displaying different topographies, especially pores, is investigated. Pdf layerwise monitoring of electron beam melting via. Ebm can be used for very precise cutting or boring of a wide variety of metals. Otherwise the electrons would interact with the air molecules, thus they would loose their energy and cutting. Essentially, the electron beam machining is based on the effects generated in the workpiece surface layers as a consequence of the penetration in this layer of electrons included in a high energy electron beam. Possible uses for electron irradiation include sterilization and crosslinking of polymers. The applications of the electron beam machining technology in. Jan 06, 2015 electron beam machining process electron beam is generated in an electron beam gun. Laser beam machining lbm using long pulses has been used since long by focusing laser beam to a selective portion of material to create a desired feature on or internal to the substrate. Process capabilities advantages disadvantages application 3282016 er. A threestep method to calculate the total process function in ebeam lithography is proposed.
Electron beam machining is required to be carried out in vacuum. Laser beam cutting process is one of the advanced sheet cutting processes, most widely used for generating complex profiles and geometries in almost all engineering materials. This process is in some cases the best solution for specific applications. In electric discharge machining process an arc is produced when two currentcarrying wires are shortcircuited. Sunil pathak 2 process principle continued the process of heating by an electron beam can be used for annealing, welding, or machining electron beams are focused to a point within 10 200. It is thermal, noncontact process, which does not induce any mechanical stresses in the workpiece. Here a steam of high speed electrons impinges on the work surface so that the kinetic energy of electrons is transferred to work producing intense heating. As such one has to adopt experimental methods, which are cumbersome, time consuming, costly and at times not feasible. Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining using. Advantage and disadvantage of electron beam machining. Electron beam irradiation processing is commonly used in the sterilization of medical devices, contamination control, as well as the modification of materials such as, heat shrink tubing and wire and cable insulation. Review on laser beam machining process parameter optimization. The process of heating by electron beam is used for annealing, welding or metal removal.
Electron beam machining ebm is a process where highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. It is a nontraditional machining process in which no physical tool is used. Jul 17, 2018 electron beam machining construction and working of electron beam machining. Probability distribution functions pdf may be the outcome. To improve and optimize the responses of a laser beam machining process, the various input machining control parameters are to be set at an optimal value. In this process, the material is removed with the help of a high velocity travelling at half the speed of light, i. Electron beam machining ebm is a thermal machining process in which highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are used for instantly heating, melting, or vaporizing the material. The mutual repulsion effects in the constituent electrons will be less marked at high velocities than at low velocities.
Electronbeam machining ebm the ebm technique is used for cutting fine holes and slots in any material. Taguchi method is used to formulate the experiment and l18 orthogonal array is selected for the experimentation. Electric discharge wire cutting electron beam machining laser beam machining from ie 206311 at kasetsart university. Electron beam gun provides high velocity electrons over a very small spot size. Laser beam machining lbm is a valuable tool for drilling, cutting and milling of almost any material. Depending upon the intensity of heating the workpiece can melt and vaporize.
A customized plate merged with a mesh structure matching the patient bone. The kinetic energy of the electrons, upon striking the workpiece, changes to heat, which vaporizes read more. Laser machining process lmp is one of seven modules of this project. Electron beam machining is process in which high velocity electrons are concentrated in a narrow beam and then directed towards the workpiece for machining. This document is highly rated by electrical engineering ee. Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining process parameters p. Yunitha ratnadilla tri adhi kusuma 1560tk37951 the mechanism of electron beam machining can be seen in figure 1 below. The beam removes atoms from the workpiece by transferring energy and momentum to. The impact of machining parameters on peak power and energy. Convolution kernel parameters are obtained by fitting to experimental data. The impact of machining parameters on peak power and. Moreover, the artificial neural network ann model has been developed to predict the surface roughness effectively. These advantages allow the use of electron beam for welding reactive and nonferrous metals.
Control parameters optimization of laser beam machining. Hip stem, electron beam melting, additive manufacturing, fatigue properties. The impact of machining parameters on peak power and energy consumption in cnc endmilling andy simoneau, jonathan meehan department mechanical engineering, university of new brunswick, fredericton, e3b 5a3, canada. Laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process which can be applied for almost whole range of materials. In ebm, electrons are accelerated to high velocity as half of the light speed, then it is impinged to. Ltd, japan 3department of mechanical engineering yokohama, japan okayama university, okayama 7008530.
Electron beam machining is same as laser beam machining process in which except laser, high speed electron beam impinges on work piece. Mar 28, 2016 process capabilities advantages disadvantages application 3282016 er. Electric discharge wire cutting electron beam machining laser beam machining plasma arc machining conventional thermal cutting processes 24 electric discharge processes metal removal by a series of discrete electrical discharges sparks causing localized temperatures high enough to melt or vaporize the metal can be used only on electrically. Nhv corporation has been developing powerful electron beam systems to provide them world wide. During this machining process, a small portion of metals is also eroded away, leaving a small cater. Electronbeam machining is a kind of machining process by using highvelocity electron beam. Nternational sciences and ngineering ol o eptember finite. Notes on electron beam machining ebm me mechanical. In the model of atom, negatively charged electrons rotate around the positively charged nucleus in. The electron beam melting is a process applied in case of some electron beam machining methods. Laser power, spot diameter of the laser beam, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut. The main operating parameters associated with laser assisted machining are. Electron beam melting of titanium alloy and surface finish. Situations where traditional machining processes are.
The electron beam e beam irradiation process uses highenergy electrons for a variety of applications. Electron beam welding process, applications and equipment dr. Laser beam machining is a form of nontraditional machining that can machine almost any known materials. Electron beam machining process electron beam is generated in an electron beam gun. Wagh institute of engineering education and research, nasik, maharashtra, india. Electronbeam machining ebm is a process where highvelocity electrons concentrated into a narrow beam are directed toward the work piece, creating heat and vaporizing the material. Electron beam machining construction and working of electron beam machining. Multiobjective optimization of laser beam machining. Mar 17, 2016 electron beam machining ebm is a thermal process. Ion beam machining machine tool technology britannica. The accelerating voltage the beam current pulse duration energy per pulse power per pulse lens current spot size power density as has already been mentioned in ebm the gun is. Process by which physical properties of the adhesive are changed from liquid to. Various lbm process commonly used are laser beam drilling lbd, laser beam cutting lbc, laser beam turning lbt and laser beam grooving lbg. Influence on surface characteristics of electron beam melting process ebm by varying the process parameters october 2017 aip conference proceedings 18961.
As the electron strikes the workpiece, the kinetic energy of the electron changes into heat energy. Other articles where ion beam machining is discussed. In lbm, there are many factors such as beam parameters. Selection of optimal process parameters in machining. Through introduction of the principle and characteristics of electron beam machining technology, the application status and application instance of electron beam in research of materials science and materials processing in recent years were introduced in detail. Electron beam and laser beam module 9 non conventional. This process is used in many applications, including drilling, cutting, annealing, and welding. Dec 07, 2016 electron beam machining is a kind of machining process by using highvelocity electron beam. Electron beam machining ebm and laser beam machining lbm are thermal processes.
Influence on surface characteristics of electron beam. The mechanism by which a laser beam removes material from the surface being worked usually involves a combination of melting and evaporation, although with some materials, such as carbon and. The influence of the input parameter in case of electron beam. Electron beam welding inprocess control and monitoring. Experimental investigation and analysis of process. A variety of ion beam sources exists, some derived from the mercury vapor thrusters developed by nasa in. The process utilizes electron beam energy to melt the metal powder. Laser beam machining the lasing process lasing process describes the basic operation of laser, i. Total process function in electron beam lithography. This may take place under elevated temperatures and nitrogen atmosphere. Experimental investigation to optimize process parameters.
Both electron beam and gamma ray are used in the radiation chemistry process, but electron is widely used because handling and operation are easier. Edm machining process is also known as spark erosion machining. Abstract laser beam machining lbm is one of the most widely used thermal energy based noncontact type advance machining process. This report discusses the technology and system application. Introduction ebm electron beam machining ebm is a thermal material removal process that utilizes a focused beam of highvelocity electrons to perform highspeed drilling and cutting. Electron beam machining ebm electron beam machining is a thermal nontraditional process, uses electrical energy to generate thermal energy for removing material. Advanced sheet cutting processes ascps are well suited for cutting advanced difficulttocut materials i. The process parameters, which directly affect the machining characteristics in electron beam machining, are. The variation of the process parameters has a distinct and complex influence on the electron beam machining process products.
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